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Union
#declare S = function {x*x + y*y +z*z - 1}
isosurface {
function { min(S(x+0.5,y,z), S(x-0.5,y,z)) }
max_gradient 2
contained_by{sphere{0,R}}
pigment {rgb .9}
}
min() can be used to produce
the union of two or more functions. In this case the union of two spheres,
one translated -0.5 in the x direction and one translated +0.5
in the x direction.
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Intersection
#declare S = function {x*x + y*y +z*z - 1}
isosurface {
function { max(S(x+0.5,y,z),S(x-0.5,y,z)) }
max_gradient 5
contained_by{sphere{0,R}}
pigment {rgb .9}
}
max() can be used to produce
the intersection of two or more functions. In this case the same two spheres as above.
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Addition and Subtraction
#include "functions.inc"
#declare S = function {x*x + y*y + z*z - 1}
isosurface {
function { S(x,y,z) +
f_noise3d(x*10, y*10, z*10)*0.3 }
max_gradient 7
contained_by{sphere{0,R}}
pigment {rgb .9}
}
Adding two functions together produces a sort of blend between the two functions.
A particular use of such a blend is to add one or more noise or noise-like
functions to a surface.
In this case I've added a bit of f_noise3d to a sphere. The result of the addition
is a surface with a generally spherical shape but with a noisy surface. I've
used variable substitution to control the frequency of the noise.
Adding noise creates a surface that is slightly smaller than the original sphere -
the noise pokes inwards from the surface. Subtracting noise creates a surface that
is slightly larger than the original sphere - the noise stands slightly proud
of the surface.
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Blob-like combinations
#include "functions.inc"
#declare S = function {f_sphere(x,y,z,0.5)}
#declare T = function {f_torus(x,y,z,1,0.2)}
isosurface {
function { S(x-0.7,y,z) * T(x,y,z) - 0.05}
max_gradient 2
accuracy 0.001
contained_by{sphere{0,R}}
pigment {rgb .9}
}
Multiplying surfaces then adding a small constant produces an effect
that's similar to using blobs. However, this technique can be used
to blob together any kind of isosurface, not just spheres and cylinders.
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